Italian word of the day: 'Allora'

You've probably heard the word allora n just about every other sentence uttered by Italian speakers.

What is this word they turn to so often? It must mean something really important, right? Well, at the risk of disappointing you, allora means, quite simply, 'then'.

But of course, no word is quite as simple as it seems. Think about all the multitude of meanings 'then' can have in English: allora works the same way.

Firstly there's the 'then' that indicates 'at a certain point in time'.

Allora abitava ancora a Londra.
Back then she was still living in London.

Allora ha squillato il telefono.
At that moment the phone rang.

Da allora non ho fumato più.
I haven't smoked since then.

l'allora presidente
the then president (the president at that time)

The time you're referring to can be in the past or the future, so as well as 'back then' allora can also imply 'after that' or 'next'.

Quando vedrai, allora capirai.
When you see, then you'll understand.

Then (!) there's the 'then' that means 'so', 'in that case'.

Se vuoi venire, allora preparati.
If you want to come, then get ready.

Fa freddo, allora mettiti una maglia.
It's cold, so put on a sweater.

Il film era noioso e allora siamo usciti.
The film was boring and so we left.

Not forgetting the 'then' that's just a useful linking word, to help you introduce an idea, connect back to another, or simply launch your sentence.

Allora, cosa facciamo stasera?
Well then, what are we doing tonight?

Allora ci vediamo!
See you soon then!

Allora, cominciamo la lezione...
Right then, let's start the lesson...

You can even use it as a question all on its own, to signal to the other person that you want to hear more.

Allora? Com'è andata?
So? How did it go?

E allora?
Well then/What now/So what?

That's why allora can be tricky to pin down: because if you ask an Italian speaker why they said it, half the time the answer would be: "I don't know, I just did!" File it along with those other handy words such as quindi, insomma and cioè that you can reach for while you're still thinking about the rest of your sentence.

That's what US comedian Aziz Ansari's character discovers when he moves to Italy in the series Master of None: we can't recommend his pronunciation (make sure your tongue touches the top of your mouth for those two lovely Ls!), but we do give him full marks for enthusiasm.